{"id":1828,"date":"2026-07-31T11:09:08","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T08:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/?p=1828"},"modified":"2026-07-31T11:09:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T08:09:08","slug":"tarih-oncesi-caglardan-eski-misira-koklerden-goklere-sagligimizin-izinde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/2026\/07\/31\/tarih-oncesi-caglardan-eski-misira-koklerden-goklere-sagligimizin-izinde\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarih \u00d6ncesi \u00c7a\u011flardan Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a: K\u00f6klerden G\u00f6klere Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0130zinde"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tarih \u00d6ncesi \u00c7a\u011flardan Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a: K\u00f6klerden G\u00f6klere Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0130zinde<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u0131bb\u0131n, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek ve insano\u011flunun ya\u015fam kalitesini art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bilin\u00e7li bir \u00e7aba oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, bu bilim dal\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keninin insan bilinci kadar eski oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Elimizde her ne kadar yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve tam anlam\u0131yla belgesel kan\u0131tlar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsa da; paleontoloji, antropoloji ve 19. ile 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u0131bb\u0131n ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcye ve dini pratiklere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kainat eczanesinin sundu\u011fu sonsuz imkanlar\u0131 ke\u015ffetme yolculu\u011fumuzda, tarih \u00f6ncesinden Antik M\u0131s\u0131r’a uzanan bu \u015fifa miras\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan inceleyelim.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Prehistorik D\u00f6nemde Ya\u015fam ve B\u00fcy\u00fc-T\u0131p (Magic Medicine)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Paleontolojik verilere g\u00f6re prehistorik d\u00f6nem insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi 30-40 y\u0131l civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kemik buluntular\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, erkeklerin kad\u0131nlara k\u0131yasla daha uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu durumun temel sebebi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n o d\u00f6nemde maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hamilelik ve do\u011fum s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin getirdi\u011fi fiziksel y\u00fckler ile risklerdir. Erkek \u00e7ocuklar ise avc\u0131 olmalar\u0131 sebebiyle beslenme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha avantajl\u0131 bir konumdayd\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tarih \u00f6ncesi insan, \u00e7evresindeki hastal\u0131k, ac\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi a\u00e7\u0131klayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131n birer eseri olarak de\u011ferlendirirdi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ya\u015fam\u0131n g\u00fczelliklerini sunan iyi ruhlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da inan\u0131r; do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu olgular\u0131 tap\u0131nma ve adaklarla yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Zamanla y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n hareketlerini okuyabilen, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma yollar\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fini iddia eden ve zehirler ile \u015fifal\u0131 otlar\u0131 tan\u0131yan b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel ve deneysel uygulamalar\u0131n harmanland\u0131\u011f\u0131 “magic medicine” (b\u00fcy\u00fc-t\u0131p) alan\u0131 do\u011fdu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tarihsel Bir \u0130lk: Neolitik \u00e7a\u011fa ait \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck ana tanr\u0131\u00e7a heykelci\u011fi (yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 6500-5700), t\u0131p tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fum olay\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen en erken \u00f6rnekler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Prehistorik Cerrahi: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan kafataslar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan incelemeler, canl\u0131lar \u00fczerinde cerrahi delme i\u015flemlerinin (trepanasyon) yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deliklerin kenarlar\u0131ndaki iyile\u015fme izleri, hastalar\u0131n bu ameliyatlardan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Eski Mezopotamya\u2019da T\u0131p ve \u015eifa Uygulamalar\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mezopotamya medeniyetinin temelleri G\u00fcney Mezopotamya\u2019da ya\u015fayan S\u00fcmerlilere dayan\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 3100\u2019de \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yla uygarl\u0131k tarihi yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezopotamya t\u0131bb\u0131na dair bilgiler \u00e7o\u011funlukla S\u00fcmer t\u0131p miras\u0131n\u0131 devralan Akkad metinlerinden elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan S\u00fcmer t\u0131p metinleri say\u0131ca az olsa da olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bu metinlerdeki ila\u00e7 tarifleri temel olarak lapalar \u015feklinde uygulanmaktayd\u0131. Maddeler toz haline getirilir, bir s\u0131v\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak lapa yap\u0131l\u0131r ve yara b\u00f6lgesi \u00f6nce ya\u011flan\u0131p ard\u0131ndan bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mla sar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u015eifa Hammaddeleri<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Antik Mezopotamya hekimleri bitkisel, hayvansal ve mineral kaynaklar\u0131 aktif olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mineraller: Sofra tuzu (sodyum klor\u00fcr), g\u00fcher\u00e7ile (potasyum nitrat) ve ham petrol.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Hayvansal \u00dcr\u00fcnler: Y\u00fcn, s\u00fct, kaplumba\u011fa kabu\u011fu ve su y\u0131lan\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bitkisel \u00dcr\u00fcnler: Kekik, hardal, erik, armut, incir, s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct, hurma, mersin a\u011fac\u0131, k\u00f6knar, nane ve \u00e7am\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bira, \u015farap ve bitkisel ya\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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En b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131bbi tedavi eseri olan “T\u0131bbi Te\u015fhis ve Tedavi” k\u0131lavuzu, ba\u015ftan aya\u011fa t\u00fcm hastal\u0131klar\u0131 (sindirim sorunlar\u0131, jinekoloji ve \u00e7ocuk hastal\u0131klar\u0131 dahil) sistematik bir \u015fekilde ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u0131p Uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131: Ashipu ve Asu<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Antik Mezopotamya\u2019da iki temel profesyonel t\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bulunmaktayd\u0131:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ashipu (B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc\/Te\u015fhis Uzman\u0131): Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n nedenini ve hangi tanr\u0131 veya iblisin bu duruma yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekle g\u00f6revli te\u015fhis uzman\u0131yd\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Asu (Doktor\/Bitkisel \u0130la\u00e7 Uzman\u0131): Bitkisel ila\u00e7lar konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ek anlamda hekimlerdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir yaray\u0131 tedavi ederken Asu; y\u0131kama, bandajlama ve yaray\u0131 kapama olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bilinen en eski t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemlerini (yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 2100) uygularlard\u0131. Asu\u2019nun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 antik bandajlar, bitkisel re\u00e7ine veya hayvan ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alkaliyle \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz sabununa benzer bakteriyel enfeksiyon \u00f6nleyici bile\u015fenler i\u00e7erirdi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da T\u0131p ve Papir\u00fcsler<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nil Vadisi\u2019nde t\u0131p, hastalar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r ve tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerinin Tanr\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan vahiy yoluyla bildirildi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 \u015faman-doktorlar\u0131n temel i\u015flevi, hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhun do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek ve onu rit\u00fceller, dualar ve b\u00fcy\u00fclerle kovmakt\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 hafifletmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli bitkilerden yararlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u0131bbi Papir\u00fcsler<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mezopotamya halk\u0131 bilgilerini kil tabletlere kaydederken, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar papir\u00fcsleri tercih etmi\u015ftir:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ebers Papir\u00fcs\u00fc (M.\u00d6. 1553-1550): 1873\u2019te Kahire\u2019de bulunan bu eser, 877 tarif ve ila\u00e7 haz\u0131rlama y\u00f6ntemi i\u00e7ermektedir. Ha\u015fha\u015f, keten, Hint ya\u011f\u0131, kimyon, sinameki, kekik, k\u0131na, ard\u0131\u00e7 ve aloe gibi pek \u00e7ok bitkinin t\u0131bbi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 belgelemi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Tutankhamun\u2019un mezar\u0131 dahil bir\u00e7ok M\u0131s\u0131r mezar\u0131nda sar\u0131msak demetleri bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ramasseum Papir\u00fcs\u00fc: \u0130ki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur; ilki lo\u011fusalar ve yeni do\u011fanlar\u0131, ikincisi ise romatizma ve mafsal hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Hearst Papir\u00fcs\u00fc: Ebers papir\u00fcs\u00fc ile ortak b\u00f6l\u00fcmler i\u00e7erir ve \u00f6zellikle k\u0131r\u0131k-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131klar\u0131n sar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine odaklan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00d6nemli T\u0131bbi Bitkiler ve Kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Sar\u0131msak (Allium sativum): Herodot yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda piramit i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmak i\u00e7in bolca sar\u0131msak ve so\u011fan t\u00fcketti\u011finden bahseder. \u00c7i\u011f sar\u0131msak sirke ve suyla ezilerek ast\u0131m, bron\u015fit, di\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve sindirim sorunlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kimyon (Cuminum cyminum): Uyar\u0131c\u0131 ve gaz giderici \u00f6zelliktedir. Eklem a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131nda lapa olarak, ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131larda fitil formunda, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fckte ise bal ve \u0131l\u0131k s\u00fctle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak t\u00fcketilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ki\u015fni\u015f (Coriandrum sativum): Ferahlat\u0131c\u0131, sindirimi destekleyici ve \u00fcriner sistem (sitit dahil) rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7ay olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Di\u011fer Bitkiler: Ac\u0131marul, adaso\u011fan\u0131, banotu, \u00e7i\u011fdem, hardal, \u0130ncir, centiyane, m\u00fcrver, nar kabu\u011fu, pelinotu, safran, sak\u0131z, sar\u0131sab\u0131r, tar\u00e7\u0131n ve \u00fcz\u00fcm.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Sonu\u00e7 ve Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemlerin sezgisel b\u00fcy\u00fc pratiklerinden Mezopotamya ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc farmakolojik birikimine kadar uzanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, modern fitoterapi ve aromaterapinin de temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fan\u0131n sundu\u011fu bu kadim zenginlik, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k deneme-yan\u0131lma ve g\u00f6zlem s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7erek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz t\u0131bb\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaya devam etmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kainat eczanesinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilhamla, k\u00f6klerimizden g\u00f6klere uzanan bu \u015fifa yolculu\u011funu bilimsel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ya\u015fatmaya devam edece\u011fiz.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mehmet Karata\u015f<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Etnobotanik\u00e7i, Fitoterapist ve Aromaterapist<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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mehmetkaratas.org<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kaynak\u00e7alar<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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P\u0e31\u0e1ast\u00fc, H. (2005). T\u0131p Tarihi ve Deontoloji Ders Kitab\u0131. \u0130stanbul T\u0131p Kitabevi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nunn, J. F. (1996). Ancient Egyptian Medicine. University of Oklahoma Press.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Biggs, R. D. (2005). Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Sigerist, H. E. (1987). A History of Medicine: Primitive and Archaic Medicine. Oxford University Press.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ebers, G. (1875). Papyros Ebers: Das hermetische Buch von den Arzneimitteln der alten Aegypter in hieratischer Schrift. Leipzig.<\/div>\n
\"\"\"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Tarih \u00d6ncesi \u00c7a\u011flardan Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a: K\u00f6klerden G\u00f6klere Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0130zinde T\u0131bb\u0131n, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek ve insano\u011flunun ya\u015fam kalitesini art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bilin\u00e7li bir \u00e7aba oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, bu bilim dal\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keninin insan bilinci kadar eski oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Elimizde her ne kadar yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve tam anlam\u0131yla belgesel kan\u0131tlar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsa da; paleontoloji, antropoloji ve 19. ile 20. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1828"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1829,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1828\/revisions\/1829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetkaratas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}